A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_URI::$config is deprecated

Filename: core/URI.php

Line Number: 101

Backtrace:

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Router::$uri is deprecated

Filename: core/Router.php

Line Number: 127

Backtrace:

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$benchmark is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$hooks is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$config is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$log is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$utf8 is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$uri is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$exceptions is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$router is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$output is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$security is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$input is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$lang is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 75

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$load is deprecated

Filename: core/Controller.php

Line Number: 78

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$db is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 396

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_DB_mysqli_driver::$failover is deprecated

Filename: database/DB_driver.php

Line Number: 371

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::open($save_path, $name) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::open(string $path, string $name): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 132

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::close() should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::close(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 292

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::read($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::read(string $id): string|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 166

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::write($session_id, $session_data) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::write(string $id, string $data): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 235

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::destroy($session_id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::destroy(string $id): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 315

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Return type of CI_Session_files_driver::gc($maxlifetime) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::gc(int $max_lifetime): int|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 356

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: PHP Startup: Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 282

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: PHP Startup: Session cookie parameters cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 289

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: PHP Startup: Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 304

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: PHP Startup: Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 314

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: PHP Startup: Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 315

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: PHP Startup: Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 316

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: PHP Startup: Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 317

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: PHP Startup: Session ini settings cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 375

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: PHP Startup: Session save handler cannot be changed after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 110

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: PHP Startup: Session cannot be started after headers have already been sent

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 143

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$session is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 1283

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$compress is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 1283

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$email is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 1283

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 8
Function: __construct

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property Front::$front_model is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 358

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 10
Function: model

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$benchmark is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 52
Function: view

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$hooks is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 52
Function: view

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$config is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 52
Function: view

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$log is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 52
Function: view

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$utf8 is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 52
Function: view

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$uri is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 52
Function: view

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$exceptions is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 52
Function: view

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$router is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 52
Function: view

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$output is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 52
Function: view

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$security is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 52
Function: view

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$input is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 52
Function: view

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$lang is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 52
Function: view

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$load is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 52
Function: view

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$db is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 52
Function: view

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$session is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 52
Function: view

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$compress is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 52
Function: view

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$email is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 52
Function: view

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: 8192

Message: Creation of dynamic property CI_Loader::$front_model is deprecated

Filename: core/Loader.php

Line Number: 931

Backtrace:

File: /application/controllers/Front.php
Line: 52
Function: view

File: /index.php
Line: 315
Function: require_once

Śrut staliwny kulisty

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Śrut staliwny kulisty

Śrut staliwny kulisty jest jedną z postaci ścierniwa do obróbki strumieniowo-ściernej. Zazwyczaj występuje w postaci ziaren o kształcie niewielkich kuleczek, których średnica wynosi od 0,425 do 2,000 mm. 

Śrut kulisty – produkcja i cechy charakterystyczne

Metoda produkcji, podczas stosowania której powstaje śrut staliwny w postaci mikroskopijnych kulek polega na rozpylaniu roztopionej stali na powierzchnię, a następnie utrwalaniu cieplnym. Dzięki temu śrut stalowy wykazuje się bardzo wysoką wytrzymałością i może być wielokrotnie wykorzystywany w cyklach obróbki strumieniowo-ściernej. Kulki mogą też być poddawane procesowi kruszenia, w efekcie którego powstaje śrut staliwny łamany.
Twardość materiału według skali Vickersa wynosi 390-530 HV. Charakteryzuje go również duża intensywność obróbki.

Zakres zastosowania:

  • czyszczenie powierzchni stali oraz jej stopów i odlewów żeliwnych;
  • usuwanie rdzy i zendry hutniczej;
  • kulowanie (shot-peening) czyli wzmacnianie struktury stali przez bombardowanie jej kuleczkami;
  • gratowanie, usuwanie pozostałości po odlewach, nierówności, wygładzanie powierzchni i krawędzi;
  • usuwanie starych powłok lakierniczych;
  • nadawanie odpowiedniej chropowatości.

Obróbka strumieniowo-ścierna, podczas której jest wykorzystywany śrut staliwny, może być wykonywana jedynie metodą na sucho, wilgoć obniża bowiem parametry stali.

Do procesów wymagających wysokiej precyzji i powtarzalności rekomendujemy śrut VERA®, wysokiej jakości ścierniwo hybrydowe.